GTP hydrolysis at the E-site leads to dynamic instability (catastrophe) at MT plus ends, due to the strain induced by the curvature of individual protofilaments (Alushin et al., 2014; Brouhard and Rice, 2014).
Live imaging of EGFP-tubulin-transfected cells revealed that the peripheral MTs in control keratinocytes were extremely stable, while the majority of MTs in ILK-K5 cells were dynamic, characterized by increased catastrophe frequency and decreased duration of pauses between phases of growth and shortening.
As a result, the bifurcation curves of the seepage flow systems with different control parameters are presented and the standard potential function is also given with respect to the generalized state variable for the fold catastrophe of a dynamic system of seepage flow in broken rock.
Cortical microtubules form a dynamic network and continuously undergo shrinking (catastrophe), pausing and rebuilding (rescue).
These experiments suggest that both plus- and minus-ended traffic of caveolin-containing vesicles occur on dynamic MTs, and inhibition of MT catastrophe leads to the stabilization of peripheral caveolae.
Natural catastrophes have complexities, uncertainties and dynamic characteristics that cause many problems and challenges for megacity emergency management.
Although the study of invasion biology reveals many catastrophes, the emerging evidence of dynamic responses to invasion provides a glimmer of encouragement.
For given lethality and a simple fitness landscape, three dynamic regimes can be obtained: quasispecies, error catastrophe, and extinction.
Rotating stall is a complex nonlinear dynamic phenomenon which is always characterized by catastrophe and hysteresis in high aerodynamic-loading compressor.
Dynamic instability is typically characterized by the rate of catastrophe events and the filament polymerization speed.
Reviewer #1: 1) It would be useful to present a small summary table comparing the four parameters of dynamic instability (i.e. growth rate, shrinkage rate, catastrophe frequency and rescue frequency) displayed by the phage tubulin compared to eukaryotic tubulins.
