This variance is likely related to the temporally dynamic river conditions encountered by breeding adults and their offspring.
However, consistently within each breeding stage, mean vectorial dynamic body acceleration (an index of energy expenditure) was greater in years of poorer breeding success (increased by a factor of three to eight), suggesting birds were working harder within their range.
This estimate is similar to that reported by Bevan et al. [9] for breeding black-browed albatrosses during dynamic soaring.
The breeding biology of SP is not only dynamic but also complex.
Two main underlying causes of such dynamic evolutionary changes seem to be polyploidy and intensive breeding of agronomic characters.
To facilitate this process, the introduction of new approaches in breeding, such as recurrent selection to generate dynamic whole-genome recombination [ 45] and genomic selection [ 46, 47] will be needed.
As a result, it seems likely that offspring viability has a strong, but unpredictable, role in selection on the timing of breeding in salmon and other fishes inhabiting dynamic environments.
It reviews and summarizes theoretical developments toward a framework that integrates quantitative genetics, breeding simulation, and modeling of physiological traits and dynamic GP relations.
But most biologists believe there should be a minimum of 2,000, with enough breeding pairs to ensure the long-term survival of a dynamic population across the range.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07770.015 These interaction-level data indicated that vocal networks were dynamic, differed in pair and group communication, and were related to the breeding stages.
