Tidal flat morphology is continuously shaped by hydrodynamic forces, resulting in a highly dynamic bed surface.
The differences between the two systems are attributed to the complex coalescence behavior of liquid mixtures and the different sparger structures chosen, suggesting that additional dimensionless groups are needed to fully characterize the local dynamic bed behavior.
Similar findings have been reported by Macchi et al. [A. Macchi, H. Bi, J.R. Grace, C.A. McKnight, L. Hackman, Chem. Eng. Sci. 54 (2001)] based on differences observed in the local dynamic bed behavior between systems operated at atmospheric pressure.
The differences between the two systems are attributed to the complex coalescence behavior of liquid mixtures, suggesting that additional dimensionless groups are needed to fully characterize the local dynamic bed behavior.
Red line shows location of dynamic bed surface.
Compared with conventional moving granular bed, a fast-moving granular layer was formed on dynamic granular bed, which can capture the dust particulates and transport them away rapidly.
It is found that inclined dynamic granular bed is superior to vertical dynamic granular bed.
Thus, several recent restoration efforts have concentrated on formerly dynamic gravel-bed rivers affected by channelisation and river-bed degradation.
Periodic working moving granular bed is then changed to continuous and steady working dynamic granular bed.
Although the main focus in this study is to develop a CFD DEM coupling and the capillary force models for wet granulation, some simulation results are also presented to see the droplet behaviour often encountered in a wet granulation process, i.e. the droplet penetration into a static particle bed as well as the droplet impingement onto a dynamic particle bed.
Two kinds of dynamic granular beds were numerically and experimentally investigated in this work, i.e., vertical and inclined dynamic granular bed.
