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This is indicative of similar levels of energy being trapped at the YO dye step in all three DNA55 examples as a consequence of the less efficient YO YO homo-ET step, relative to the efficient hetero-FRET processes observed in 2@DNA21.
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We used experimental design methodologies to obtain the response surface of the adsorption process for three acid dyes used in the dyeing step of a tanning process.
Moreover, an improvement of color fastness at half or one grade for a deeper shade was observed by employing a rinse procedure after a dyeing step.
Folate recognition moiety 7 (5 steps, Scheme 1), monopropargyl cryptophane 21 (12 steps), and solubilizing azido-peptide 22 were joined in two steps to form biosensor 24 and finally conjugated with Cy3 dye (1 step) to give the fluorescent biosensor 25 (Scheme 2).
Davis asked Dye to step into the hall and told him that that was no way to treat a colleague.
Fig. 3 Proposed azoreductase mechanism for Amaranth azo dye degradation: step 1. Upon oxidation of NADH, the hydride is transferred to FMN present in the active site of azoreductase.
Separate labeling reactions were pooled after each respective Cy dye incorporation step and then again divided into aliquots to minimize inconsistencies in probe generation.
The separate labelling reactions were pooled after each respective Cy dye incorporation step and then again divided into aliquots to minimize inconsistencies in probe generation.
NR sensitivity was further improved by dissolving NR in IPA, which offered increased fluorescence intensity while also improving surface coverage during the dye adsorption step because of the low surface tension of IPA.
Removal of the N-Boc protecting group produced 17, which was subsequently reacted with 4-fluorophenethyl isocyanate to yield 18. Treatment of 18 with hydrazine monohydrate effectively removed the phthalimide protecting group and produced primary amine 19 which was condensed with CyAL-5 to make apo- 13 in high yield (93% for the dye conjugation step; see Chart S2 for chemical structure of CyAL-5).
Labeling of proteins with organic fluorophores involves incubation with a large excess of a reactive fluorophore, and although a dye-removal step (such as gel filtration) is normally included, some unreacted dye contamination often remains.
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