JMJ13ox plants had pleiotropic phenotypes, with dwarf seedlings, early flowering, and upward curling leaves (Supplementary Fig. 5a), all of which increased in severity with increasing JMJ13 expression levels (Supplementary Fig. 5b).
Hume was responsible for transforming the hedge from "a mere line of persistently dwarf seedlings, or of irregularly scattered, disconnected bushes" into a formidable barrier that, by the end of his tenure as commissioner, contained 448.75 mile of "perfect" hedge and 233.5 mile of "strong and good", but not impenetrable hedge.
Five dwarf seedlings were too weak for inoculation and remained of unknown A1 status.
Although severe mutations in ptCpn60 genes resulted in albino and dwarf seedlings, we found that weaker mutations confer defects in plastid division.
In any case, if dwarf seedlings in the progeny from MJ × MO have the genotype D1 d1 d2 d2 then intercrossing two such seedlings should give a progeny segregating for 1 normal (D1 D1 d2 d2) to 3 dwarf and this could allow d1 to be mapped.
In contrast, ga1-3 seedlings are severely dwarfed with hypocotyls at approximately 0.5 mm in length.
Under MV treatment, both Nipponbare and 93-11 seedling plants were dwarfed, but significant phenotype divergence was apparent: the leaves of 93-11 became yellow, presented with severe lesions and died at high MV concentration, while the seedling of Nipponbare were healthier under the same conditions and exhibited relatively lower levels of leaf senescence.
Then came the Mexican semi-dwarf wheat seedlings that the revolution helped introduce to India.
The construct rescued the pollen defect in the sec8 mutants, allowing generation of seedlings homozygous for the mutation, and these proved to be extremely dwarfed (Additional file 1: Figure S1).
Besides the constitutive photomorphogenesis in seedlings, cop1-4 mutants exhibit mutant phenotypes in the adult plant: cop1-4 mutant plants are small and dwarfed and they flower earlier than the wild type, particularly under short day conditions [ 51].
