One of Chisholm's most influential critical papers in ethics is "Contrary-to-Duty Imperatives and Deontic Logic".
No list of Chisholm's contributions to ethics could be complete without mentioning "Contrary-to-Duty Imperatives and Deontic Logic" (1963).
Given the prevalence of wrongdoing, if a moral theory did not issue uniquely action-guiding "contrary-to-duty imperatives," it would be severely lacking.
When formal deontic logic was developed by Chisholm and others in the 1960s (Chisholm 1963), the use of classical logic gave rise to certain paradoxes, such as Chisholm's paradox of contrary-to-duty imperatives.
With 25,000 fans in the stands and a worldwide television audience to keep happy, the desire to delay, redraw or postpone races until conditions were completely fair was clearly battling some heavy-duty commercial imperatives.
Neither military duty nor national imperative has brought the wild-eyed young fighters to Foqani Baghuz to take on Islamic State.
They do this not out of wickedness or caprice but to punish the living for not abiding by the ethical standards of the community and to remind them of their imperative duty to live a moral life.
In Asia, our traditional values encourage and even demand that wealth and means pass through lineage as an imperative duty.
It opened the door to dismissal if necessary of top executives in the banking sector, new approaches to hiring and stronger roles by boards of directors "to ensure cultural and conduct changes". "Restoring trust in banking is a public duty and economic imperative.
It is our duty, our moral imperative, to respond to these songs, and to prayers perhaps not yet even thought nor uttered.
