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We estimated a 1.7% increase in daily mortality per 10-μg/m increase in lag01 PM2.5 10, both for the whole year and during November through May, the high road dust period.
For PM2.5 10, 148 days with a daily mean concentration of 20 μg/m (95th percentile) or higher were observed within the road dust period, but only 4 days outside that season.
Therefore, we selected November through May as the period of interest for effects of studded tires ("road dust period," which results in in high concentrations of PM2.5 10) and June through October as the reference season.
A strength of the present study is that PM2.5 10 during the road dust period originates from the road network covering the whole city, not from a few point sources.
The average number of deaths per day for the road dust period (November through May) was 29.6 (range, 13 52), and for the reference season (June through October) was 26.8 (range, 12 50).
When data were split into two different time periods, the estimated effect associated with PM2.5 10 was higher during November through May, the road dust period, consistent with recent findings reported for PM2.5 10 and PM10 that indicated stronger associations during springtime (Zanobetti and Schwartz 2009; Zeka et al. 2006).
Similar(53)
Previous studies reported that the ambient air particles during Asian dust events were composed of particles of larger diameter than particles during non-dust periods (Chun et al. 2001; Kim et al. 2002).
Increased risks were associated between the dust storm period and all-cause ED presentations for both sexes (compared to other periods), these effects are similar between the sexes (males: RR 1.095, 95% CI 1.074-1.116, p < .001; females: RR 1.144, 95% CI 1.121-1.168, p < .001).001
The dust storm period was associated with a 10% decrease in risk of respiratory hospital admissions, compared to other periods.
"During the Dust Bowl period, they did see a lot of pines dying," Stephenson says.
During the Saharan dust advection period, mixing of fine particles from anthropogenic particles and coarse particles from the Saharan region was observed at CMN (Putaud et al. 2004).
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