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Daily intake of PBDEs has been estimated from published reference values on daily dust intake rates.
The present study indicated that dust intake was the dominant PBDE exposure route for children, and the dietary intake was the dominant PBDE exposure route for adults.
Hazard quotient (HQ) for FRs via indoor and outdoor dust intake at mean and high dust scenarios to the exposed populations (adults and toddlers) are found free of risk (HQ < 1) in the target zones.
Yet no study has examined the relationship between dust intake and serum concentrations for HBCDs.
A hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated as the ratio of the potential dust intake to the respective analyte reference dose (RfD).
However, variability in dust intake estimates (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1997) renders calculation of PBDE intake via this pathway less certain.
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Since their introduction in the 1970s, humans have accumulated PBDEs in their tissues via dust ingestion, dietary intake, absorption from dermal contact, and inhalation [ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDCC) 2009; Lorber 2008].
Even though studies have begun to estimate PBDE intake from ingestion and inhalation, the amount and percent of intake from food in the U.S. general population have not been well characterized nor have the amounts of intake from dust ingestion and inhalation been well defined (Jones-Otazo et al. 2005; Stapleton et al. 2005; Webster et al. 2005).
The total intake of HBCDs for individual participants was calculated as the sum of dust ingestion and dietary intake and was correlated with the corresponding serum concentrations.
Humans are exposed to PBDEs primarily through dust ingestion and food intake (Lorber 2008; Schecter et al. 2006).
The exposure to HBCDs of the participants in this study via both dust ingestion and dietary intake is at the low end of that reported for previous studies.
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