The concept of adult disease having a fetal basis started with a focus on severe malnutrition during pregnancy in humans and the susceptibility during adulthood to type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease, indicated by a range of early studies, and later expanded by David Barker and colleagues.
Maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy enhances the susceptibility to atherosclerosis in their offspring by oxidation-dependent mechanisms.
We sought to identify and characterize the susceptibility during the often-overlooked developmental stage of organ morphogenesis.
Conclusions: These results show that maternal stress during late gestation increases the susceptibility of offspring particularly males to the deleterious effects of prenatal air pollutant exposure, which may be due to a synergism of these factors acting on innate immune recognition genes and downstream neuroinflammatory cascades within the developing brain.
Additionally, despite considerable use of FLC during these 16 years, the susceptibility rate to this agent continued to be very high, whereas the isolation of species historically less sensitive, such as C. glabrata and C. krusei, was low amounting to 22/394 and 11/394, respectively.
Mammographic density has been proposed to represent the cumulative exposure of tissue to hormones and growth factors that stimulate cell division and it has been hypothesised that such exposures at young ages, during the greatest susceptibility of the breast according to the Pike Model (Pike et al, 1983), is related to tissue composition (Boyd et al, 2010).
Ninety-eight percent (121 of 124) of the bacterial isolates that grew successfully during the antimicrobial susceptibility tests were resistant to high levels of at least two antibiotics commonly used in swine production (erythromycin, clindamycin, virginiamycin, or tetracycline), and 93% of the isolates (115 of 124) were resistant to three antibiotics commonly used in swine production.
The cooling curve shows that magnetite is the final product during the heating process, and the susceptibility is lower than the heating curve.
Differences in young animals are attributed to incomplete metabolic competence during development [ 46] and the susceptibility of the rapidly developing nervous system.
