Rats were exposed via whole body vapor inhalation up to 700 ppm D4 during the overall phase (28 days prior to mating through gestation day (GD) 19), the ovarian phase (31 3 days prior to mating), the fertilization phase (3 days prior to the start of mating through gestation day 3), and the implantation phase (GD 2 GD 5) of the reproductive cycle.
Several hybridization barriers have been identified to take place in both the pre-and the post-fertilization phase.
LAT-A led to diminished Ca2+ signals during the fertilization of A. pectinifera eggs.
Because a-tubulin dynamics were affected by Parp inhibitors, we investigated whether a-tubulin is PARylated during the fertilization processes.
However, during this stage, Bur/Cvi plants had pistils longer than the stamens, even during the fertilization period.
D G Pictures of removal of gametes from a hermaphroditic P. mammillata individual during the fertilization process in the laboratory.
The analysis of interspecific crosses revealed the hybridization barriers during both, the pre- and post-fertilization phase of reproductive process.
Male gametophytes interact with maternal tissues and compete for fertilizations during the progamic phase.
Auto-fertilization can occur during the bisexual phase, although the rate at which it occurs seems to depend on the physical distance separating anthers and stigmas (i.e. herkogamy; Armbruster 1988, and see Results).
Main innovations of the angiosperms concern reproductive biology during the phase between pollination and fertilization, such as small ovules, the closed carpel and rapid pollen tube growth made possible by callosic walls (Williams 2008).
Trainotti et al [ 11] have detected increases in pectate lyase transcripts during the S4I phase of peach fruit ripening (climateric fruits that have not undergone softening, 115 days post-fertilization) and then decreases in the S4II phase (climateric fruits that have softened, 120-125 days post-fertilization).
