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The EL spectra thus selected are those that possess the highest intensities during the biased voltage ramping.
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The hysteretic loops are attributed to the conservation, during the bias voltage decrement process, of the internal electric fields caused by the stored space charges near the surface.
The major instability of the threshold voltage is discussed by considering the effects of light and darkness on de-trapping of the trapped charges during the bias stress.
The pulsed bias of the substrate renders alternate phases of deposition (during the bias off time) and implantation and deposition (during bias on time), thereby controlling deposition temperature, reduction of compressive stresses, increase of crystallinity and enhancing adhesion of coating to substrate.
Incorrect estimation of rainfall occurrence, so called False Alarm (FA) is one of the major sources of bias error of satellite based precipitation estimation products and may even cause lots of problems during the bias reduction and calibration processes.
Again, performance increased over blocks, and differences between colors during the bias blocks are clear.
Apparently, Vth shift toward a negative VGS implies accumulation of some metastable positive charges in the vicinity of the interface during the bias stressing.
The on/off current ratio was also extracted from the transfer characteristics measured during the bias stress time and is presented in Figure 3.
For practical application and device modeling, the stability of source-drain current measured at a fixed voltage during the bias stress time is also an important parameter.
Indeed, one should take into account that during the bias stress procedure performed in our study a large VDS voltage (up to 50 V) is periodically applied at various VGS values, including both small and negative values.
Firstly, it is possible that a national change in subsidy allocation to pharmacotherapy during the study period biased the results.
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