Surface tension of fluids is an important factor controlling multiphase systems and is often manipulated by surfactants during industrial processes.
Various types of pipeline have been designed in consideration of potential leakage that might lead to accidents during industrial processes.
Heat, too, is often wasted during industrial processes; converting it into energy gives energy producers a significant opportunity to improve efficiency while reducing emissions.
Cells undergo continuous environmental fluctuations during industrial processes, triggering physiological responses and adaptations which are highly interrelated with correct protein folding and secretion.
Human exposure occurs mainly through inhalation of elemental mercury vapors during industrial processes and through consumption of contaminated fish and shellfish.
Accordingly, many evolutionary acquired traits contributing to the natural fungal life style such as the formation of substrate exploring hyphae, secretion of certain hydrolases, cell death and conidiation are dispensable during industrial processes and might even negatively affect production yields.
Furthermore, the biological functions of chitinases, chitin and chitosan utilization by fungi, and the effects of these aspects on biotechnological applications, including protein overexpression and autolysis during industrial processes, are discussed in this review.
However, exposure of L. lactis to various environmental stresses during industrial processes has triggered deleterious effect to the cells, such as oxidative toxicity that can cause cellular damage at both molecular and metabolic levels [ 1].
