The robustas are expected to be genetically more diverse (leading to higher PIC for tested markers) due to their out-crossing behavior in contrast to arabicas that are self-compatible and also known to suffer from narrow genetic base resulting from the genetic bottleneck during domestication process [ 8, 11].
Surprisingly, the Jindo dog breed did not belong to any of these groups, providing evidence that the Jindo dog breed could have a maternally unique phylogenetic history during the domestication processes from grey wolves to dogs.
Recently, several domestication-related genes were cloned and the FNPs utilized during the domestication process were identified [16, 19, 24, 30, 27].
Even in japonica rice subspecies that suffered some severe bottleneck during the domestication process [11], all domestication-related genes that have been tested so far have not yet become fixed, except for sh4.
DNA divergence observed in existing landraces, cultivars, and wild relatives can now be determined accurately, so the order of major DNA changes such as single nucleotide polymorphisms during the domestication process can be abducted owing to relatively low mutation rates.
Over time, this has compounded the problems associated with genetic bottlenecks that were primarily created during the domestication process and led to the cryptic form of genetic erosion that dramatically slows the rate of genetic gain (McCouch et al. 2007).
Since DNA changes that have occurred during the domestication process can be considered as a historical record, changes such as functional nucleotide polymorphisms (FNPs) in existing landraces, cultivars, and wild relatives provide strong hints that can be used to establish such a model.
It has therefore been a great challenge to identify genetic changes that resulted from artificial selection during the domestication process.
Given the progress in genomic sequencing of various animals, the search for target genes of artificial selection during the domestication process has been a focus of recent studies.
