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The timing of the flank failures indicate that inter-eruptive cone destabilization of Mt. Ruapehu is affected by climate change and occurs most commonly during interstadials when glaciers on the cone are in retreat, whereas syn-eruptive collapses are most prominent during cold stages.
Zhang also suggested that eastern China was a refugium for temperate and tropical-subtropical faunas during cold stages of the Quaternary [ 31].
Several authors suggested the Eastern Palearctic around Siberia and Southern Ural Mountains as well as possible areas of central Europe as glacial refuges for the survival of different species during cold stages of the Late Pleistocene [ 24, 26, 27].
Consequently, the distribution pattern of this cytotype was probably shaped by extensive habitat loss during cold stages of the Pleistocene and weak colonization ability after the last glacial period.
In the western Palaearctic, thermophilic organisms went extinct over major parts of Central and North Europe during cold stages and survived in the lowlands of lower latitudes in often distinct refugia [ 2- 6].
Similar(55)
This incision and subsequent valley-floor widening created the accommodation space for the later aggradation of the terrace sediments during the following warm cold transitions and during the cold stages, when high-sediment supply conditions prevailed.
A revision of palaeoecological data suggests that patches of trees persisted even in northern and continental territories of the Iberian Peninsula during the cold stages of OIS3 and OIS2.
The action of the ice during the cold stages was the major factor in bringing the Irish landscape to its current form.
In almost all former and presently glaciated areas of the world, glaciers have modified or even transformed pre-glacial terrain during the many cold stages of the Pleistocene.
The principal biome of unglaciated northern Europe during the late Pleistocene cold stages was the steppe tundra, i.e. a treeless vegetation type [ 22].
The Ostend assemblage is therefore important in providing a glimpse of conditions that occurred during a major cold stage in the early Middle Pleistocene.
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