The reason stems from the fact that they generate a so-called tribomaterial during articulation, which consists of a mixture of nanometer small metallic grains and organic substances from the interfacial medium, which act as a boundary lubricant.
Many different forms of data have been used as the basis of visual speech synthesis: from photographs of visemes [21], frontal video of a speaker [3, 13], marker-based motion-capture data [16], and surface scans of a subject during articulation [23].
Vocal production provides rich sensory feedback signals (i.e., auditory and somatosensory) which, together with representations generated during articulation, can contribute to the recognition of one's own voice through a self-monitoring system [11], [12].
Fricatives are characterized by a less sudden stop of the airstream leaving the mouth during articulation, as in the phonemes/f/,/s/,/v/, and/z/ e.g., [f] in feel, [s] in seal, [v] in veal, [z] in zeal).
Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with increased articular cartilage hydraulic permeability and decreased maintenance of high interstitial fluid load support (IFLS) during articulation, resulting in increased friction on the cartilage solid matrix.
Reactivity of the auditory regions in the superior temporal cortex is modified during articulation, presumably via efference copy mechanisms (Curio, Neuloh, Numminen, Jousmäki, & Hari, 2000; Numminen & Curio, 1999).
F 0 changes during articulation.
This study investigated use of ultrasound tongue imaging as a visual feedback tool to guide tongue placement during articulation therapy with two participants following partial glossectomy.
Further improvement in the performance of present cathodic arc deposited TiN coatings can be achieved by minimizing/eliminating coating defects such as pits and macro/micro particles, which accelerated the localized damage during articulation.
