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Data are presented at 23°C for specimens of different physical age, for different stress levels in the non-linear range and various durations of loading.
Mechanical loading clearly reactivated expression of the aggrecan and type II collagen genes at loading of 60 min/day compared to the other durations of loading.
Moreover we now know that (I) bone preferentially responds to dynamic rather than static stimuli, (II) only short durations of loading are necessary to initiate an adaptive response, and (III) bone cells accommodate to customary mechanical loading environments [ 40].
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Recent experimental programs have focused on duration-of-load (DOL) effects in full-size lumber and a number of different cumulative damage models have been proposed.
In design wood is regarded as a brittle material, depending on the stress direction, duration of loading and moisture content.
Depending on the loading conditions (stress and temperature levels) and duration of loading, both transient and steady state creep responses are observed.
This is because the slugs lengthen as they traverse towards their target and thus the duration of loading is extended with increasing stand-off.
Finally, onset of tertiary creep was utilized for rational selection of the ultimate strength of viscoelastic materials, whose strength is inversely proportional to duration of loading.
The effect of this cavitation is important if the duration of loading by the water pressure is less than the period of the fundamental frequency of the hull element oscillation, and is shown to increase the magnitude of the loading.
Since the fracture strength of brittle materials depends on the size and distribution of flaws as well as the duration of loading, conventional design approaches are generally very conservative and large safety factors are often used.
The effects of magnitude and duration of loading, rotary inertia, in-plane, inertia, b/a, a/h, lamination scheme and boundary conditions on the central displacement response are studied.
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