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Among previous studies that have evaluated both number of cigarettes (dose) and smoking duration, results for these exposures have been inconsistent: dose and duration trends were similar in four studies (Gram et al, 2005; Cui et al, 2006; Xue et al, 2011; Gaudet et al, 2013) and dissimilar in three (Al-Delaimy et al, 2004; Reynolds et al, 2004; Luo et al, 2011b).
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Both global severity and total days of illness (duration) trended towards being lower for exercise (p=0.16 and p=0.032, respectively), as did duration for the meditation group (p=0.034).
The proportion of patients with a treatment interruption of more than one month duration trended downward from 64% in 1997 to 16% in 2011.
Despite the apparent complexity of parameters, our results suggest a simple grouping of parameters along a single axis that balances the detection of abrupt events with capture of long-duration trends.
Which states that the persistent duration of trends associated with given topics is expected to scale linearly with the topic users' active-ratio.
As with the monotherapy duration, the trends were the same for latently infected cells and free virus produced, but the fraction of mutant virus was lower in the free virus pool due to the reduced replicative capacity of the mutant.
A similar increasing monotonic association was noted for duration (p-trend = 0.02) and cumulative exposure (p-trend < 0.01) (data not shown).
We can also determine the expected duration of trend times stemming from the impact of active-ratio.
Another interesting feature is that in almost all cases, for very short durations (i.e. a few days), the 3.0 σ curves calculated in 10 years are higher than those calculated in 60 years, even if at longer duration the trend is inverse.
TRAF1/C5 was significantly associated with baseline HAQ, however, following adjustment for symptom duration (P trend = 0.03).
Although our study patients were matched for age, sex, and diabetes duration, this trend of associations was still evident.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com