Second, increasing voicing maintenance leads to an increase of voiced responses for all vowel duration and stop duration conditions.
However, for stimuli with low voicing maintenance (i.e. highly devoiced stimuli), the acoustic cues vowel duration and stop duration take over.
Table 1 Three fully crossed factors for the perceptual study: vowel duration, stop duration and percentage of stop voicing maintenance Factor Continuum levels Stop duration (ms) 100, 125, 150 Vowel duration (ms) 70, 100, 130 Voicing maintenance 0, 1255, 25, 37.5, 50, 75, 100 The 0% and 100% voicing maintenance correspond to a fully devoiced and a fully voiced stimulus, respectively.
The duration values and voicing patterns from the production study were then used as input factors to a follow-up perceptual experiment to test the effects of vowel duration, stop duration and voicing maintenance on voicing perception by EP and Italian listeners.
After this duration, we stopped sending requests.
Increasing the voicing maintenance thus increases the /ɡ/ response probability for all vowel durations and stop durations, but with different magnitudes.
Even with the missing burst and in the absence of voicing during stop closure, EP listeners are able to make stable voiced/voiceless decisions based on vowel durations and stop durations only.
The reactions were performed at 37°C for the indicated durations and stopped by adding SDS sample buffer.
The duration of stopping is proposed empirically to ensure no residual anticoagulant effect in the absence of a validated antidote.
Movement parameters were further specifically variable along the horizontal gradient; speed, acceleration, and locomotory rate were high at the right position, whereas stop duration and stop number were high at the left position (Fig. 6c).
