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Nineteen community-dwelling older adults with osteoarthritis (OA) pain of at least 1 year's duration participated.
Children aged 5 to 20 years with type 1 diabetes of at least 1 year duration participated.
Children aged 4 11 years with a diagnosis of persistent asthma of at least 6-months' duration participated in the study.
Thirteen participants (11 males, 2 females, age range 32 75 years, mean 52.92 years, SD 13.6), with unilateral, upper limb amputation at least above the wrist and phantom limb pain of at least one year's duration participated (see Table 1 for demographic details).
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Given the values of the control variables, the restricted mean duration when participating in a given programme depends on the duration until entering the programme and the duration of the programme.
The first author (RSA), a trained anthropologist, conducted semi-structured interviews of approximately one hour duration with participating family practitioners.
In the second stage, within each selected medical center, we invited all patients who visited the clinic during the research duration to participate in our study, and collected the information required until we obtained the sample size required.
Variables associated with shorter treatment duration were: participating in the first treatment episode, living without a fixed abode or living in an institution/prison, being younger than 30 years old, and having methadone delivered 4 times a week.
One hundred and sixty eight patients (72% women, age: 45±14 years; headache frequency: 14±8 days/month; headache intensity: 5.7±1.3; headache duration: 6.1±3.2 hours) participated.
The mean duration study children participated in the first phase was 10 months (range: min 7.1; max 12.8 months post-dose 1; SD 1.3).
The research experiences of these undergraduates varied in timing and duration but all participated for a minimum of two semesters (12-wk summer experiences were counted as one semester), received research credit, and were paid a stipend.
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