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Trend effects of training were found for increased number of attentional shifts from object to person (experimenter or caregiver) [F 1,34) = 3.33, p = 0.077, Cohen's d = 0.54], shorter average duration of looks to the objects [F 1,34) = 4.1, p = 0.051, Cohen's d = 0.58], and increased number of separate looks to the objects [F 1,34) = 3.01, p = 0.092, Cohen's d = 0.44] (see Figure 2E).
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One monitor allowed a second experimenter (Experimenter 2) to code the duration of looking.
We measured (1) duration of looking towards the sleeping room in the minute before the playback; (2) duration of looking towards the sleeping room in the minute after the onset of the victim screams.
Only the correlation between neuroticism and duration of looking to the eyes of fearful faces remained significant after a Bonferroni correction for seven emotions.
A coding protocol was developed with number of correct looks versus incorrect looks and total duration of looking toward the correct model in the 25 seconds following each stimulus presentation.
Here, the evidence was in the opposite direction and even stronger than in the first experiment in that subjects looked significantly longer both in terms of percentage of total looking time (Figure 2B; one sample t-test, t 54) = 10.49, p<0.001) and mean duration of looking to the matching (3.01±0.15 s) than to the non-matching (1.72±0.09 s) face (Figure 2C; t(54) = 11.22, p<0.001).
In addition, 10% of the videos were double-coded by a naïve research assistant and a strong inter-observer reliability correlation validated the coding for both number of looks (Pearson's R2adj = 0.92, p<0.001) and duration of looking (Pearson's R2adj = 0.96, p<0.001).
The average level of agreement on the total duration of looking on each side per trial was 96% for Experiment 1 and 97% for Experiment 2. Fifteen subjects were randomly selected from each of the Face+Voice and Face+Complex Tone conditions.
Consistent with this interpretation is the finding that the mean duration of looking at the matching face was 0.8 seconds in the Face+Voice experiment, but that it was more than three times greater in the Face+Complex Tone experiment (3 seconds).
The duration of "look back" is arbitrary; 4 weeks is suggested for symptomatic men.
Finally, groans with shorter durations (indicating a more fatigued caller) were treated as less threatening (i.e. slower reaction and shorter duration of look).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com