However, the greater energy use by infected bats was not associated with an increased rate or duration of arousals from torpor.
Emotional reactivity is often referred to as an individual's characteristic threshold, intensity, and duration of affective arousal (Rothbart and Derryberry 1981).
Low and stable serotonin availability possibly lowers the intensity and duration of emotional arousal, lowering stress sensitivity in reaction to emotional stimuli (for a review see Yildirim and Derksen 2013).
This happens because positive emotions shorten the duration of negative emotional arousal.[3].
The sleep architecture was altered with a significative reduction of the TST and a significative augmentation of the duration of the sleep arousals.
Prematurely inducing arousal also alters the duration of the interbout aroused (IBA) period.
The measurement of sleep quality includes quantitative (e.g. sleep duration, latency, number of arousals) and subjective (e.g. 'depth' or 'restfulness' of sleep) aspects [ 22].
Conventional sleep parameters included total sleep time, non-REM and REM sleep duration, and number of arousals and awakenings per hour of sleep.
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a 19-item self-rated questionnaire was used to measure seven different components of sleep, duration, quality, number of arousals, efficacy, disturbances, use of sleep medications and daytime dysfunction during the previous month.
TBI is graded in degree, from mild to severe, based on the acute effects of the injury on an individual's level of arousal and duration of amnesia.
In the same vein, Gueugneau et al. [ 22] found that the duration of MI followed the circadian rhythms of arousal, i.e., longer MI durations were measured early in the morning and late in the evening (see also [ 50]).
