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Even though air-cooled receivers provide substantial benefits, such as low inertia and quick sun-following dispatchability, and the volumetric effect leads to designs with aperture areas similar to those used in molten salt or water/steam receivers, some concern persists regarding absorber durability, reduction of radiation losses and improvement of the air return ratio (ARR).
This result is reinforcing bar corrosion and concrete durability reduction due to lowered alkalinity.
Here, γp denotes environment coefficient for carbonation, 1.1; ( phi_{text{k}} ) denotes durability reduction factor for carbonation, which is generally 0.92; and ylim denotes carbonation limit depth (mm) where reinforcing bars may be corroded, which can be calculated using Eq. (10).
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In terms of the durability, the reduction in cement paste is crucial to both volume stability and long-term performance of concrete.
Canadian-based Ballard Power Systems reports significant progress in three areas crucial to the commercialization of automotive fuel cell stack technology: freeze-start capability, durability and cost reduction.
The catalytic performance (activity and durability) toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is comparatively examined by rotating disk electrode and chronoamperometric techniques.
Due to such graphitized porous structure, the NCF was demonstrated to have superior resilience, excellent electrocatalytic activity and good durability for oxygen reduction.
Findings provide encouraging implications regarding the long-term efficacy of interventions and the durability of symptom reduction, but must be interpreted in parallel with methodological considerations and study characteristics of RCTs.
The durability of this reduction has a decisive influence on the fatigue life when the mode I R-ratio is not as high as to keep the entire load cycle above the closure level.
It is of great interest to explore non-precious metal electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity, complete tolerance, and long durability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and then to move the alkaline fuel cell technology closer to commercialization.
The results revealed that in general, the lime-saline soil bricks had good water resistance in terms of softening coefficient and drying-wetting durability as no reduction in compressive strength was observed.
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