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After smoothing with a moving window of 3 loci, genome-wide profiles of the average replication timing T50 and the duplication time ΔT (or replication efficiency ηr) were revealed (Figure 2 and 3; Table S1).
The duplication time (T d ) was estimated with Eq. (2).
Pure and mixed enteric bacteria enhance growth of ciliate organisms, shorten their duplication time and finally elevate net grazing rate.
t_{d} = frac{ln 2}{mu }, (2 where t d = duplication time in days, ln 2 = Neper logarithm of 2, µ = growth coefficient of the biotic variable.
An intermediate procedure using liquid media and agitated flasks was first characterized, leading to reduction in the biomass duplication time of pro-embryogenic (PE) cells from 30 d in dishes to 14 d.
The scaling-up to the air-lift bioreactor decreased the biomass duplication time of PE cells up to 5.3 d post-inoculation (pi) and an average volumetric productivity of 1.6 g/(d × L).
Growth rate was calculated by determining the duplication time [45].
The duplication time ΔT = T100-T0 is a measure of efficiency for DNA replication.
The time period from the start to the end is defined as the duplication time ΔT ( = T100-T0).
Duplication time was assessed through the formula: duplication time (hours) = Δt/log2 (number of cells at second count/number of cells at first count), with Δt = interval (in hours) between the first and the second count.
As long as no mechanical nor nutritional restrictions apply, they go on replicating with a constant duplication time.
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