To further reveal the genetic characteristics of the young duplications, the domains of the duplicates were detected using Pfam searches.
Hence, by contrast with local duplications, the typical fate of gene duplicates under whole genome duplication might be largely driven by (long term) chance rather than (immediate) necessity.
For single-gene duplications, the possible fates of any gene duplicate are non-, neo-, and subfunctionalization (Dittmar and Liberles 2010; Innan and Kondrashov 2010).
This demonstrates that mammals, amphibians, and sauropsids have branch-specific α-tubulin gene duplications, the Tub1D/Tub1E cluster in mammals, cluster of Tub1F and Tub11G duplicates in sauropsids, and clusters of Tub1H and Tub1K duplicates in frogs.
In contrast to these observed differences among the gene duplications, the exon/intron boundaries are almost identical between the two members of each duplicate.
Of 36,376 predicted protein-coding genes, 34% occur in tandem duplications, the largest proportion thus far in plant genomes.
Owing to the complexity of some recombination events (e.g., tandem duplications), the post-SCRaMbLE DNA topology could not be determined for all sequenced strains using only short-read technology.
Understanding how phenylpropanoid metabolism is controlled in the grasses has been complicated by recent genome duplications, the difficulties in making transgenic plants and the absence of mutants in many genes.
In addition, due to the uncertainty of the effect of 16p13.11 duplications, the possibility of underreporting of this CNV in other autism studies could not be excluded.
When these techniques are used to preserve the copyright ownership with the purpose of avoiding unauthorized data duplications, the embedded watermark should be detectable.
If this is the case then we can get a grip on contractions without thinking about duplications — the x-t contraction of a world is the world that contains x itself, and as few other things as possible.
