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The modularization of type I PKSs almost unexceptionally started with multiple duplications of a single ancestor module.
For example, fore and hind limbs in primates are parts that share much of development and are so to say duplications of a part within the body (so-called serially homologous traits).
A new study shows the flagellum is the result of successive duplications of a single gene in the ancestor of today's bacteria, a finding that not only answers an important question about the evolution of complex structures but also provides additional ammunition to counter arguments from evolution's foes.
This periodicity is strongly suggestive of earlier, extensive tandem duplications of a 54-bp segment.
Our results show that the mouse Mup gene cluster is composed of two subgroups: an older, more divergent class of genes and pseudogenes, and a second class with high sequence identity formed by recent sequential duplications of a single gene/pseudogene pair.
Duplications of a single gene result in a pair of nodes with initially identical binding partners.
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Snow crunching underfoot, nostril-freezing air, and heavy cigarette smoke: all at once, an exact duplication of a midwinter night in Russia, there on Flatbush Avenue.
Among those, 75 cases (25.9%) resulted in a deletion or duplication of a single exon.
In spite of a large number of governing equations, the model has a quite simple mathematical structure: it is a duplication of a single visco-elastic model.
A gene elongation event can be the outcome of an in-tandem duplication of a DNA sequence.
To exemplify, duplication of a single gene could result in severe phenotype like in MECP2 duplication syndrome which was associated with autism and mental retardation [57].
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