For a fixed number of genome duplication events, only a limited number of duplication points need to be considered.
Each of these paths defines a set of zero or more genome duplication points, configurations at which a genome duplication occurred.
One need only start at j, consider the one or two possible duplication points for the last GD event in a shortest-length SD + GD path terminating at j, and then choose the better of the duplication points by finding the shortest-length SD + GD path having exactly k − 1 duplications between C s and the duplication point.
The observation suggests an algorithm for finding the duplication points in the shortest SD + GD path between copy numbers i and j for a single gene and a fixed number k genome duplications.
Mutational processes include gene duplication, point mutations and gene conversion e.g. [ 26, 33].
This subdivision was accomplished by using all three pairwise comparisons to calculate dS values and ω values from the occurrence of the genome duplication (point O) to each extant gene (points A, B, and C).
After exclusion of the PMP22 duplication, point mutations were detected in 36% of our, Japanese, and British CMT1 patients, 66% of the American CMT1 patients, and 79% of the Spanish CMT1 patients [ 9, 10, 12, 13].
Second, in the function O neP athC ost, we connect the endpoint of each genome duplication point with the start point of the next, or with C t for the last genome duplication, using minimum-weight SD + CD paths, computed using Algorithm 5.
On exit, B (i, j, k ) contains the k th duplication point and L ( i, j, k ) the number of SD gains and losses for the shortest length SD + GD path from i to j, with the constraint that k duplications occur.
Many different types of mutation have been described for DMD including large deletions and duplications, point mutations, and small rearrangements.
In parallel, the rest of the angiosperm HyPRP gene family has been undergoing continuous diversification by means of gene duplications (including tandem duplications), point mutations and rearrangements of the N-terminal domain.
