The encoded protein product is a phosphoprotein that travels between the nucleus and cytoplasm, which plays multiple roles in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing, ribosome assembly, transport of ribosomal subunits, centrosome duplication, regulation of p53, and cell growth and proliferation [ 5– 7].
Among the presumed main advantages of polyploidy are fixation of heterosis, duplication enabling evolution of gene function, and alteration of regulation.
The duplication of PYHIN genes allows for evolution of distinct patterns of regulation of similar genes.
Propensity of a gene to undergo successful duplications may be influenced, among other factors, by its mode of regulation.
However, no P24 ortologues have been currently identified in M. genitalium and the machinery implicated in the regulation of TO duplication of this microorganism is completely unknown.
It appears that the COX isoforms all arose through gene duplication and the regulation of complex IV activity occurs in-part through the expression of different isoforms of the nuclear-encoded subunits in different tissues and in response to different physiological conditions (for an extensive review, see Arnold 2012b).
Overall, whether the duplication of FFAR2 gene is involved in a particular regulation of energy metabolism in chicken compared with mammals has to be investigated.
The Mcm1 paralog Arg80 arose after the whole-genome duplication of the yeast lineage and is involved in the regulation of arginine metabolism genes [ 8].
The cost of implementing individual regulations can lead to high implementation and maintenance costs, duplication of efforts, and inconsistencies.
Pseudogene trans-NATs that arise by genetic duplication of entire cis-NATs likely conserve surrounding cis-regulatory motifs that control their epigenetic regulation and their specific expression.
