"One team were recording information on one system, and then another team would use a completely different system to maybe record the same information, or maybe slightly different data, so there was a lot of duplication of process," he said.
These developments use high-performance numerical libraries and different approaches based either on the duplication of Scilab processes or on computational servers.
In Maude's words, "Open standards are crucial for sharing information across government boundaries and to deliver a common platform and systems that more easily interconnect". This means we have the opportunity to create an open, interoperable platform for government IT, helping to avoid the mass duplication of proprietary processes and systems across departments that currently wastes billions.
To circumvent the laborious and cost-intensive duplication of all processes during clone generation and quality control, we developed a cloning strategy that allows for the simultaneous generation of two variants of Gateway entry clones, one containing a particular ORF with and the other without the stop codon.
In this review, the mechanisms of duplication, the processes of fixation or maintenance of duplicates and their impact in evolutionary history are discussed.
In the case of Esyt gene duplications, retroposition of processed transcripts has occasionally led to gene duplication (N. vectensis Esyt2a and X. troplicalis Esyt2b, as noted in additional files 1 and 3).
Consequently, little information is available over short time-frames on the dynamics of duplication processes, including the divergence of duplicated copies.
More recently, Xenopus extracts have been used to investigate the cellular mechanisms that ensure accurate and complete duplication of the genome, processes otherwise known as the DNA damage and replication checkpoints.
Thus, while duplicated pseudogenes result from the duplication of parent gene, duplicated-processed pseudogenes result from the duplication of a processed pseudogene [ 50, 51].
Syntenic data can be a powerful tool to facilitate the finding of orthologs and in the identification of duplication processes [ 70].
