Another technique of considerable commercial importance for the duplication of paper-based information is photocopying, or dry photography.
To avoid duplication of papers, Search 2 was restricted to papers not identified in Search 1. Abbreviations: CKD chronic kidney disease, GFR glomerular filtration rate, ESRD end-stage renal disease, GEE generalized estimating equations, GMM growth mixture model.
The positive perceptions reported were varied and included a general acceptance of: increased reliability, faster transmission of information, reduced medical errors, access anywhere, less duplication, less use of paper and improved legibility [ 29, 30, 34, 36, 37, 48].
We have seen self-plagiarism ranging from replication of a few sentences in the methods section to duplication of a previously published paper with only numerical values and/or species names and descriptions changed.
In stencilling, one of the simplest methods of duplication, the design is cut out of paper (or any other suitable thin, strong material) and is then printed by rubbing, rolling, or spraying paint through the cutout areas.
In addition, duplication in the dispensation (due to coexistence of paper and electronic prescriptions in the same user) was also suggested as a cause of that increase.
Additional reasons for exclusion included: duplication of data presented in another paper included in the review (n = 2); abstract reported findings that were not included in the paper (n = 5); poor or incomplete descriptions of the methodology (n = 2); and, reported abuse of patients which did not involve hostile behaviour between clinicians (n = 1).
> -wrap-foot> Uskim skim curation as an initial triage process does however have disadvantages, primarily that it is time consuming (a curator typically averages two to three papers an hour) and often results in a duplication of effort, as each fully curated paper is read more than once.
Recently several consecutive papers described duplication of 7q34 in LGA including JPA (Bar et al, 2008; Deshmukh et al, 2008; Jones et al, 2008; Pfister et al, 2008; Sievert et al, 2008).
The forces hope that the benefits of the new system will be both financial and operational, with cost savings coming from a reduction in paper work and duplication of effort.
Although review papers and references that presented summarized data or model outputs (derived products of raw individual observations, sightings, or satellite tag data) were included in the search to aid in further data acquisition efforts, these were weeded out of the gap analysis when identified to reduce duplication, with the exception of papers that included unpublished data observations.
