Sentence examples for duplication of an existing from inspiring English sources
The clustering of the pseudogenes suggests that they probably propagate by serial duplication of an existing pseudogene which may already be present within the duplicated segments together with its full-length gene.
The societies defined human cloning as "the duplication of an existing or previously existing human being by transferring the nucleus of a differentiated, somatic cell into an enucleated human oocyte, and implanting the resulting product for intrauterine gestation and subsequent birth".
After a new miRNA gene has emerged, through duplication of an existing gene for example, it can be further diversified in different ways.
Other authors argue, that the evolution of new functions may start with the duplication of an existing gene in a sense a preadaptation for that function, followed by a period of evolution among the gene copies, resulting in the preservation of the most effective variant and the 'pseudogenization' and eventual loss of the remaining copies [ 33].
At the reproduction, three kinds of mutations can happen to each of two new cells: Deletions (removal of a gene from the cell's genotype), duplications (duplication of an existing gene in the cell's genome which results in a cell having two copies of the same gene), and modifications (change of shape of the Gaussian form of an existing gene).
Such mutations can cause one of the following with the given probabilities: loss of an existing interaction (P = 0.4) or protein (P = 0.2) in the pathway, formation of an interaction (P = 0.1), duplication of an existing protein (P = 0.1) or variation in the coefficient of a randomly selected interaction (P = 0.2).
Thus, under the second-order balanced linear BDIM, the likelihood of appearance of a new domain in a genome is close to or several times less than the likelihood of a duplication or elimination of an existing domain.
Our BLASTN similarity searches against the nonredundant database of NCBI suggest that each of the four tRNA genes arose from duplication and subsequent sequence divergence of an existing chloroplast gene: trnR ccu) originated from trnR ucu), trnK cuu) from trnK uuu), trnL aag) from trnL uag), and trnP ggg) from trnG gcc).
The ancestral secretin family gene probably arose as part of an existing gene or gene fragment and via exon and gene duplication events generated the existing suite of family members.
When compared with Bp chromosome II, the additional rrn locus could be the result of intrachromosomal duplication of the existing locus or due to an exchange between the two chromosomes.
Since the same SAS6 fragments are not capable of supporting the duplication of existing centrioles, the authors suggest that existing centrioles may play a role in shaping the structural integrity of procentrioles.
