The cluster of SDs in eight blocks is a testament of "preferential attachment" [ 35] or "duplication shadowing", meaning that unique regions next to SDs are ~10 times more likely to be duplicated than random regions [ 16].
The 373 scientific essays contained three duplications, meaning that had 370 scientific contributions in total, of which we read and analysed 151. Figure 1 describes the literature production for the period analysed, according to our research.
While a clear distinction is not always apparent, effectiveness (Section III.10) has to mean something different from efficiency if duplication of meaning is to be avoided.
It must be noted that one of the duplications affected the whole Complex II, meaning that the duplication was conservative in terms of stoichiometry of the different subunits.
Work with mycobacteria is hampered by their long duplication times meaning that, in the case of M. tuberculosis, results based on organ CFU counts are only available three to four weeks after the conclusion of the experiment.
However, if two fractures have been identified to be a PIF after performing an analysis in one cell, the record of this PIF should be unique throughout all cells, meaning that no duplication of the same record is allowed in other cells.
Yet no case was found where one of these loci displayed three distinct alleles, meaning that the duplication features a haplotype that is conserved along a segment which spans 15 cM in the Borneo configuration.
Second, as correctly pointed out by Gatesy et al. [ 29], there was no attempt to correct for potential data duplication between the source trees, meaning that more commonly used data sources were effectively up-weighted.
Data from Salmonella suggest that, in nonselected cultures, transient duplications occur at frequencies of 10−4 to 10−2, meaning that 10%to30%0% of cells in a nonselected culture have a duplication somewhere in their genome at any one time (1).
