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Since an extra genome duplication was occurred in the fish lineage after it diverged from the tetrapod lineage [37] [40], the duplication of fish genes should be higher than those of human and Arabidopsis genes.
The data obtained demonstrated that segmental duplication was occurred among the amplified type I subrepeat.
Gene duplication was the main effect in gene family expansion, the more Dof genes emerged in higher plants indicated the domain duplication was occurred in eukaryotic evolution [ 43].
It indicates that less duplication events are occurred for AGO genes in S. miltiorrhiza and Arabidopsis as compared with rice and maize AGOs, most of which are evolved by duplication events [ 11, 12].
The Abp genes in the four blocks shown in figure 3 all fall into the largest clade of the five that Laukaitis et al. (2008) described, suggesting that recent duplications by NAHR may be occurring in the interior of the Abp region.
If only a single gene was found in mouse, we concluded that the duplication was recent (occurred after the human-mouse divergence).
This indicates that the corresponding duplication is ancient and occurred during the eukaryogenesis.
These data support the idea that the paddlefish duplication is exclusive, and occurred after their divergence from sturgeon.
This difference is surprising, as regional duplication is known to occur, leading to non-independent gene duplications, which should produce more balanced trees.
Gene duplication is assumed to occur frequently (Lynch and Conery 2000), although most of the time, one copy eventually becomes pseudogenized.
Gene duplication is estimated to occur at a higher rate in eukaryotic genomes in general [ 54] and in flowering plants in particular [ 55, 56].
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