The proposed technique is similar to duplication with comparison, wherein duplicated function module and comparator act as a function checker that detects any erroneous response of the original function module.
One of such schemes is the duplication with comparison combined with concurrent error detection (DWC-CED) proposed in [28].
The results demonstrate differences between our proposed method and a similar existing technique – Duplication with Comparison (DwC), and between the encapsulated PWtf method and TMR.
The encapsulation of the proposed PWtf method into a Duplication with Comparison scheme is presented in the second part of the paper.
Synthesis results obtained for a 90 nm CMOS technology have confirmed significant hardware and power consumption savings of the proposed approach over commonly used duplication with comparison.
Most parts of the data paths and of the local memory of DART are protected using residue code modulo 3, whereas only the logic unit is protected using duplication with comparison.
The paucity of cases with duplications meant that we could not even carry out a compromise control-duplication axial comparison to provide more objective evidence of the effect of normative facial inversion on deletion cases.
Numerous studies have observed the expected decreased selective pressure on sequence conservation after duplication through comparisons of synonymous and non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions [ 54].
Alignments, gene phylogenies, annotations, analyses of genomic position, relationships to internal genomic duplications, and comparisons with homologous ESTs from various species are available at SBC developed software used in the analysis, carried out the analyses on all gene families, and drafted the manuscript.
Reliability is increased by using hardware redundancy, and three LCDMA-based fault tolerant designs are proposed: (a) duplication with logic comparison (DLC), (b) conventional triple modular redundancy (TMR), and (c) triple modular redundancy with sign voter (TSV).
