Sentence examples for duplication and duplicate from inspiring English sources

Gene families by their very nature reveal a propensity for duplication and duplicate retention of certain genes.

Distinguishing between these different processes is important to understanding the role that gene duplication and duplicate gene retention play in the functional divergence of genomes.

In recent years, genomic research employing laboratory fish models, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio), medaka (Oryzias latipes) and pufferfish (Tetraodon nigroviridis and Takifugu rubripes), has contributed to understanding the mechanisms of vertebrate development and has shed light on poorly understood evolutionary phenomena such as genome duplication and duplicate gene silencing [ 1].

Two semi-orthologues of human rxrb appear to have arisen from a fish-specific duplication, and duplicates of rxra are also present in the zebrafish genome.

For the sake of consistency with the usage of "duplicability" to refer to the propensity of a gene to be duplicated (duplication rate and duplicate survivability) [ 27], we use the term "diversifiability" as its sister term to refer to the propensity of duplicate genes to undergo diversification (neo- or sub-functionalization).

Furthermore, it contains two copies of vasopressin and mesotocin genes due to a tandem segmental duplication, and one duplicated copy of the vasopressin gene codes for [Lys]vasopressin precursor (Fig 5).

Under this model new genes are created by gene duplication, and some duplicated genes are maintained in the genome for a long time, whereas others are deleted or become non-functional through deleterious mutations [ 10].

Thus, new genes are created by gene duplication, and some duplicated genes are maintained in the genome for a long time, but other genes are deleted or become nonfunctional (e.g., pseudogenes) through deleterious mutations.

We discuss how the evolution of Msx incorporated an additional layer of complexity because early in its history, Msx underwent a domain duplication, and similar to duplicate genes or duplicate cis-regulatory modules, duplicate domains encode the possibility of functional redundancy.

The bias is true both for genes with a retained duplicate from the whole genome duplication, and singletons whose duplicate copies have been deleted.

The DDC model predicts that duplicated genes are preserved by complementary changes in their expression pattern (e.g., a broadly expressed gene might undergo duplication and have one duplicate expressed in a specific tissue like leaves while the other duplicate is expressed elsewhere).