The species-specific additional domains might have been recruited after speciation and duplicated recently, as in the example of the DUF323 domain in Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101.
From the example of duplicated Dlx genes in annelids, we can once again observe that there is no general pattern evident in their sequence evolution that explains the behaviour of duplicated genes.
Continuing with the left-hand sides of ce, eg, ceg, g and gc, we receive ten additional rules of ({mathcal A}{mathcal R}_{subseteq L_{1},~subseteq R_{1} }^ (L,~S)) without any duplicates (see Example 1(b) for the full results).
Most of them are the result of duplications for example the segmentally duplicated ZAT11 and At3g53600 or the tandemly duplicated ZAT7 (At3g46070), andg46070 At3g460806080 (Table S1 [see Additional File 1]).
Whole genes can be duplicated, for example, and the copy can evolve new functions.
Also, in EM tomograms of SPBs at 80 min, when the rMTOCs have been well established, two duplicated lamellar bodies [ 41] (a laminate structure that sits next to the bridge structure of the SPB) were recognized, i.e., the SPB had duplicated (for example, Figure 1C).
Once data extraction was completed, data were reviewed to identify duplicate data, for example the same results published in more than one journal or published papers whose unpublished drafts had been identified previously.
With those as examples of the desired outcomes, we will describe our experiments to duplicate such examples, the work flow in which they operate, and our most recent results.
Su and Gu [ 11] have noticed the effect of sampling bias: recently duplicated genes, for example, after the mammalian radiation, are severely underrepresented in the current mouse KO database.
Sequence comparison between singletons and duplicates has for example been used to elucidate the relationship between gene duplication and evolutionary rate [ 17, 18].
Sometimes the Y body was present in duplicate, for example, in some regions of a benign polyp of the colon and generally in 10 of the malignant tumours.
