Exact(30)
According to our model, the ancestral Egfr ligand gene was then duplicated twice during the R1/R2 genome duplications.
It has been previously hypothesized that parts of chromosomes Hsa2, Hsa4, Hsa5 and Hsa10 are derived from the vertebrate protochromosome C, which was then duplicated twice during the R1/R2 whole genome duplications giving rise to the gnathostome protochromosomes C0, C1, C2 and C3[ 22].
This has provided further support that an ancient chromosomal segment was duplicated twice during vertebrate evolution, with the first duplication that gave rise to the human chromosome 4p16/5q32-ter and human chromosome 8p/10q23-ter ancestoccurringring in the early stages after the invertebrate divergence.
This ancient paralogon shared by arthropods and vertebrates duplicated twice during the two rounds of whole genome duplication that occurred at the base of the vertebrate radiation (Fig. 8; [ 87]).
It has been hypothesised that the entire genome of the lineage leading to modern vertebrates has duplicated twice during evolution [6].
MAGLP (locus AT1G19480) duplicated twice into AT3G50880 and AT1G75230.
Similar(30)
We performed total cholesterol measurements in duplicate twice weekly on each blood sample for three weeks, yielding a total of 36 measurements per subject.
Samples were tested in duplicate twice, by plaque assay (described in Virus section) and monitoring cytopathic effect (CPE), followed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect virus replication.
Control materials were analyzed to estimate between-run analytical coefficients of variation (CVA) for both fructosamine (at 189 and 560 μmol/L) and A1C (at 5.4 and 9.3%); for each analyte and level, the control material was run in duplicate twice a day for 10 days.
The experiments were duplicated at least twice independently.
Furthermore, the TRX-GRX fusion proteins in eukaryotes have undergone further evolution, giving rise to proteins where the GRX module has been duplicated once or twice.
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