Furthermore, they placed the duplicate board in a number of different positions — each of which, it turns out, conveyed a particular meaning.
Rab1 is the 'indispensible' member of the supergroup, and seems to have been duplicated a number of times in metazoans (Rab19, Rab30, Rab33, Rab35, RabX6).
Beta 2 duplicated a number of times, in a Pediculus ancestor (Phβ2a, b: 1.0), an Acyrthosiphon ancestor (Apβ2a-d: 1.0), and in a holometabolous ancestor that is not resolved but inferred by the presence of multiple β2 genes in these taxa (Amβ2b; Nvβ2b, c; Tcβ2b: (0.82)) and was followed by losses of the β2b and β2c products in most taxa (Figs. 1, 2).
In contrast, duplicated GRs have been found in a number of teleost species [ 16- 20], including the most recent group to diverge between 18 to 30 MYA [ 13], the tetraodontiformes [ 18].
An exception to the latter rule occurs in the FLC and SVP/AGL24 Type II subfamilies, in which species-specific tandem duplicates have been retained in a number of perennial species.
Comparison of the zebrafish and fugu genomes have revealed that despite a high degree of synteny and retention of a similar number of duplicates, in a significant number of cases, different paralogues have been preserved [ 70].
For the second proposed method, the memory access time has been duplicated in presence of smaller number of cells.
It is possible that gene conversion events that result in greatly augmented polymorphism in gene duplicates are effectively neutral, but in a number of other cases they appear to be under selection, often occurring in genes undergoing selection for diversification [ 11- 17, 39].
For instance, comparison of the zebrafish and Tetradon/Takifugu genomes [ 64, 65] revealed that despite the high degree of synteny and the retention of similar numbers of gene duplicates, in a significant number of cases, different paralogues have been retained.
However, a number of genes were duplicated in melon.
