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In contrast, some of the soluble kinase families, such as RLCK, MAP-Kinase and SnRK families showed a tendency to be duplicated as a result of segmental duplications and associated functional conservation based on gene coexpression.
This may indicate that genes associated with structural, RNA and lipid binding proteins were either more apt to be duplicated, or that these genes once duplicated as a result of the two rounds of large scale duplication observed by Schlueter et al [ 6], were retained whereas the duplicated genes in other classifications were lost or diverged significantly in primary sequence.
Namely, rather than all only the data passing through some central nodes are duplicated as a precaution against their malfunctioning.
Though the plane used in 1938 would be a much larger plane that could accommodate 21 passengers and a crew of three, the lighting system used in 1921--that 1921--that 1921--thatacofs along the way--would bonfirescated as a reminder of the chalitnges fased beaconse pioneer pilots.
Once integrated, the retroviral genome becomes a stable part of the host genome, and is subsequently duplicated as a provirus during host cell division.
We used two primer sets in a QRT-PCR analysis, one set detected the first two exons of BPTF, an area that was not duplicated, and the second set detected the last exon of BPTF, an area duplicated as a result of the translocation.
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We found that even though multiple ciliary phototransduction genes are known to have co-duplicated early in vertebrate history [ 29, 36, 63], rhabdomeric phototransduction genes have not co-duplicated as a unit when considering the entire history of Metazoa.
We observed that divergently oriented paralogous gene pairs tend to duplicate as an entity and this duplication is still ongoing after speciation.
In C. briggsae, the region is duplicated as direct repeats (panel A).
The HapMap samples were hybridized against each other in duplicate, as was a pool vs. pool hybridization.
However, with increasing evolutionary age, we observed a significant increase in the frequency of both partial and chimeric duplicates as well as a concomitant attenuation of duplication spans.
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