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All genotyping was performed in duplicate and compared to ensure validity of the data.
The software has a duplicate entry checking capability and validity checks.
All assays are performed in duplicate, have high reliability and validity [ 44], and have been used in multiple prior studies [ 21, 24].
For informatics analysis, we propose a series of optimization steps including the utilization of the mitochondrial genome as a QC standard, and we assess the validity of using duplicate reads for coverage statistics.
CDPR performs a number of validity checks—for example, duplicate records and valid pesticide and geographic identifiers and maintains a public-use data set of the mandatory agricultural pesticide application reporting known as Pesticide Use Reporting.
A study by M-CAM, an intellectual-property consultancy, found that over 30% of patents make duplicate claims, raising questions about their validity.
We also independently and in duplicate extracted data and assessed the validity of the studies.
Internal validity was assessed in duplicate using the Risk of Bias tool.
Data extraction Data were extracted and validity was assessed independently and in duplicate.
Assays were carried out in duplicate according to manufacturer instructions including criteria for validity of each run and selection of cutoff for result classification.
Inclusion/exclusion, data extraction and validity assessment were carried out independently in duplicate, and meta-analysis used to pool study results.
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