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The incidence density sampling led to duplicate selection of 27 controls so that 1,266 controls were included in the conditional analyses.
Because of duplicate selection, 2 women were further excluded, which led to a final sample of 5998 women.
Another reviewer will scrutinise titles and/or abstracts of studies on the test at issue to ensure independent duplicate selection.
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Subsequent to the emergence of a new function in one of the duplicates, selection or drift can lead to fixation of that function.
Good performance in the following areas was noted: conducting duplicate study selection and data extraction, implementing comprehensive literature search, assessing the scientific quality of included studies and appropriately incorporating scientific quality in the formulation of conclusions.
2. Was there duplicate study selection and data extraction?
Strengths included the systematic search and duplicate study selection process.
Three reviews (13.6%) were performed in duplicate study selection and data extraction.
Duplicate data selection and extraction, inclusion of grey literature, listing of excluded studies, and documentation of study characteristics were also insufficient in several reviews [ 6- 10].
In a study evaluating the quality of 117 systematic reviews in pediatric oncology, performance of duplicate study selection and data extraction was reported in 19.7% of the reviews [ 8].
There is evidence for all three processes (Papp et al. 2003; Guo et al. 2013; Plata and Vitkup 2014) but the relative prevalence of each process is affected by circumstance, such as the source of duplications, genomic architecture, the function of sequence that has been duplicated, and selection pressures (Lu et al. 2012; Zhu et al. 2012; Berthelot et al. 2014).
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