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Raw data were collected in duplicate over a period of 30 s using a Berthold AutoLumat LB953 tube luminometer.
Raw data were collected in duplicate over a period of 5 min using the pre-set parameters for 3H.
Inter-assay precision implies the assessment of these 3 samples in duplicate over 10 separate runs.
Pesticide serial dilutions were tested in duplicate over two plates and were tested in two separate experiments.
Furthermore, the relaxation of selection occurred in an asymmetrical manner, preferentially allowing the divergence of one duplicate over the other.
All concentrations were tested in duplicate over two plates, and each pesticide was measured at least twice in separate experiments.
Similar(47)
The goal, the project's leaders say, is to create a template that can be duplicated over and over, and perhaps even foster a new industry.
However, as a single exon gene, it was easily duplicated over time and modern day mammals have a wide range of copies of type-I interferons, perhaps to increase overall expression levels throughout many cell types in the body.
Hence, although a higher than average d N/d S ratio (caused by relaxed purifying selection) may be expected in recent duplicates, over much longer timescales after whole genome duplications, the opposite may be observed, and the trends may be different for different functional categories of genes.
Another indicator of a protein's functional relevance for organisms along a lineage is the expansion of its protein family by gene duplication or, to be more precise, the retention of duplicates over evolutionary long time scales.
The analysis of the tandemly duplicated region in 6 individuals of each hornbill species enabled us to evaluate sequence evolution patterns across orthologous and paralogous duplicates over a total length of 1,930 bp, encompassing the duplicated parts of Cytb, tRNA T/tRNA P/ NADH6/tRNA E and domains I and the first parts of domains II of the control regions.
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