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While such local rearrangements undoubtedly occur in genome evolution, the duplication distance model focuses on identifying the duplicate operations that account for the construction of repeated patterns within duplication blocks by aggregating substrings of other duplication blocks over large genomic distances.
The maximum parsimony DAG represents a scenario in which all 391 duplication blocks could have been constructed in a sequence of 17 431 total duplicate operations.
Second, the two companies have enough overlap that they can achieve considerable saving through consolidating duplicate operations and cutting costs.
Another part of the merger write-off change came from a better estimate of the cost of closing duplicate operations.
And it is a reason that other drug makers are under pressure to seek mergers, to combine their drug portfolios and cut costs by eliminating duplicate operations and expenses.
(1), (2) to handle costs for duplicate operations.
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Lemma 3. Given a source string x, a target string y, If the cost of duplication is 1 per duplicate operation, and the cost of deletion is 1 per delete operation, then (x, y ) = d x, y ).
We next consider a more general cost model for duplication in which the cost of a duplicate operation δ x (s, t, p) is Δ1 + (t - s + 1) Δ2 (i.e., the cost is affine in the number of duplicated characters).
Thus, we provide the basic idea behind this connection for the most simple variant of duplication distance: no inversions or deletions and the cost of each duplicate operation is 1.
For the base case, when there is a single duplicate operation, there is no non-overlap property to show.
There are a few cases: If y1 is generated by a duplicate operation that only duplicates x i, then OPT i (x, y) = 1 + OPT (x, y2,| y |).
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