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Our nested PCR set up consistently detects 10 proviral XMRV sequences in 200-800ng of human DNA [5] and as 200ng DNA corresponds to a genome equivalent of about 33,300 cells (6pg DNA/cell), the test, performed in duplicate, has a detection limit of one provirus in at least 3,300 PBMC.
Thus, the local duplicate has a higher chance of being removed through accumulation of degenerative mutations, which implies a higher level of Ka/Ks.
For example, we found that loss of the GAL80 repressor gene duplicate has a significantly smaller impact on repression strength if it occurs prior to the specialization of both copies of GAL1/3 (data not shown).
"Duplicate" has a few additional pieces you'll need to look after, but if you trust other people's instincts, it can be easy for you to discern.
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Analysis of variance between dN/ dS and multiple/single duplicates has a p-value of < 10-16 indicathat that copy number does influence the rate of divergence for multiple/single duplicates.
Previous results have demonstrated that after duplication those duplicates had a higher evolutionary rate, due to relaxation of purifying selection [ 2- 5].
Analytical precision of field and laboratory duplicates had a reproducibility of ±5%.
When both analytical duplicates had a zero value or when both had a non-zero value, measurements were averaged.
A positive PCR result was defined when one or both duplicates had a FAM signal above a fixed threshold of 0.1.
Because duplicated genes in general degenerate within a few million years [3], these data thus indicate that nGPCR gene duplicates have a greater probability of escaping gene loss after WGD than average genes in the genome.
We show that OS-E/OS-F duplicates have a markedly different behaviour.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com