Sentence examples for duplicate gains from inspiring English sources

It is well known that genes can have three possible fates after duplication [ 23- 27]: (1) nonfunctionalization, in which one duplicate is lost, (2) subfunctionalization, in which the functions of the original single-copy gene are partitioned between the duplicates, and (3) neofunctionalization, in which one duplicate gains a novel function.

CNV is a major form of genome structural variation that relative large regions (1 kb to several Mbs in size) of certain chromosome have been deleted (loss) or duplicated (gain).

Germany, Mr. Taylor continued, has failed to duplicate American gains in productivity, the amount of goods and services workers can generate in a set period of time.

The fact that MIRO1 and MIRO2 shows quantitative divergence in expression is indicative of the following fates of the paralogous genes after the duplication; A) neofunctionalization, where the duplicated genes gain a novel function, or B) subfunctionalization, where the function is sub-divided between the two paralogs.

Alternatively, ancient genes with frequently maintained duplicates have gained essential functions.

In a similar vein, analysis of a human gene coexpression network revealed that even evolutionarily young gene duplicates rapidly gained new coexpressed partners [ 48].

Under such a scenario duplicated enzymes gain a specialized function and will therefore tend to evolve neutrally in the parts of the protein that do not exhibit a function anymore [26,74].

Our analysis uncovered the evolutionary role of 2R-WGD in duplicating numerous signaling genes used in the ancestral NS and thereafter in leading to the coordinated evolution of the resulting duplicates to gain new functions in the AIS.

**: Shown in Figure 4 The analysis of the Populus SET genes indicated that one of two recent SET duplicate undergoes domain gain or loss, during a relatively short period of evolutionary time following a recently WGD event.

By comparing only two genomes, we cannot determine whether these duplicated regions represent gains in the human louse p-endosymbiont genome or losses in chimpanzee louse p-endosymbiont genome.

Duplicate genes which gain a novel function are characterized by a loss rate which declines convexly over time to a lower asymptote reflective of the distribution of waiting times across genes for an adaptive substitution.