Therefore, the actuators and sensors need to be placed in preselected regions, and should duplicate as close as possible the disturbance action and the performance measurements.
The goal was to duplicate, as much as possible, rides by pioneers who settled the West.
The screen was performed three times in duplicate as follows.
Anti-oxLDL antibodies were measured in duplicate, as has been previously described (13).
Included studied were retrieved and full text screening commenced in duplicate as well.
The HapMap samples were hybridized against each other in duplicate, as was a pool vs. pool hybridization.
For IgG analysis, 1 mL of the supernatant was analyzed for IgG1 (Guy's 13 MAb) content using ELISA measurements in duplicate, as described elsewhere (Hassan et al., 2008a).
To evaluate discordance, 10% of the samples were genotyped in duplicate, as was the second saliva DNA sample collected for 18 participants.
A standard curve was included and the samples were run in duplicate as well as having the appropriate positive and negative controls.
Primer efficiencies were calculated using five 4-fold cDNA dilutions (1 1, 1 4, 1 16, 1 64 and 1 256) in duplicate as well as checking for amplification in a negative control without DNA.
The EST sequences identified for the UBE2D2 gene on chromosome 6 are 93% identical to the human UBC4/5 gene located on chromosome 5 suggesting that this gene could be a duplicate as well.
