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Blinding of the study medication was performed by a double dummy technique.
When treatments differed in appearance or dosing double blinding of study treatments was maintained using the double dummy technique.
Blinding of patients was considered adequate if experimental and control interventions were described as indistinguishable or if a double dummy technique was used. 2 The primary outcome was patient reported pain.
In that study, among n=178 patients of FD, n P =61, n R =59 and n T =58 were randomized and treated in a doubly dummy technique with placebo, cisapride and simethicone, respectively; adverse events (e.g., diarrhea and pain) were happened in x P =7, x R =10 and x T =12 patients treated with placebo, cisapride and simethicone, respectively.
The other 83 trials used double-blinded or "double-dummy" techniques.
The four non-inferiority trials were at low risk for performance and detection bias as they used double-dummy techniques, or independent outcome assessors and trial personnel who were not aware of allocation (Tshefu 2010; Poravuth 2011; Kayentao 2012; Rueangweerayut 2012).
A double-blind, double-dummy technique was used.
In addition, it was double-blinded with double-dummy technique.
Blinding was maintained by the double-dummy technique.
The double-dummy technique requiring simultaneous treatments was unfeasible in this clinical context.
Blinding of patients and investigators to study treatment was achieved using a double-dummy technique.
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