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No substantial variation in density was measured due to specimen age or manipulation of the activator components.
In addition, the calculated value is typically slightly below the measured value due to specimen nonuniformity and plasmon damping caused by surface electron scattering [20].
In consideration of the inevitable discrepancies in different concrete beams due to specimen preparation and sensor installation, principal component analysis based on statistical parameters extracted from wave signals was applied to highlight the difference between benchmark and damaged rebar.
Speculated reasons include the existence of a distorted zone near the crystal-medium interface [33], the applied energy loss due to specimen chipping around the indentation [34], and the generation of median or radial cracks during indenter loading half-cycle [30].
This was demonstrated during the WYD outbreak, where the greatest delay was due to specimen transportation to the laboratory.
singapura, L. semperi, L. todara, and L. subrosea) had sequences shorter than half the barcode region due to specimen age and/or preservation.
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In other words, for calculation of a/W, the crack length due to specimen-fixture assembly has to be considered rather than considering crack length of the specimen alone.
All properties except fracture strain have enhanced due to specimens exposure to UV irradiation.
Pre-testing failures due to specimens' preparation or water storage time were also recorded.
The graphs show typical hysteresis loops due to each specimen exhibiting coercivity and remanence (Fig. 6).
A common reason for specimen rejection and renewed sampling is specimen haemolysis, which most often is due to incorrect specimen collection including prolonged venous stasis and not sufficiently filled tubes [ 1, 10, 17- 19].
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