Exact(5)
In eastern Europe, however, HIV infections are predominantly due to injecting drug use[ 35].
In Denmark 83% of reported transmissions in 2007 were due to injecting drug use and in Sweden 88% of 31,000 reported HCV transmissions between 1990 and 2006 were due to injecting drug use [ 4, 5].
For example, in England and Wales, an estimated 80% of all HCV cases are due to injecting drug use (5, 6).
Model projections assume median estimates for efficacy of OST, HCNSP, and SVR for peg-IFN + RBV (Table 1) and explore the impact of including PWID risk heterogeneity and varying the exit rate (due to injecting cessation or death).
We did not specifically ask whether some drugs were injected, however such HIV transmission is rare in Norway due to effective harm reduction programmes: in total, 10 men were reported being infected with HIV due to injecting drugs in Norwegian surveillance system for communicable diseases in 2007 and 7 in 2006 [ 4].
Similar(55)
Yet large numbers of people have difficulty learning to self-inject due to injection anxiety or phobia.
However, some studies indicate that the burden on the healthcare system due to injecting-related local and systemic bacterial infections may be even greater than that due to bloodborne infections.
Another €10bn was due to be injected in February as part of Ireland's agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) but, in a political "hospital pass", the outgoing finance minister Brian Lenihan decided not to do so.
Many billions of dollars were, moreover, pumped into the ailing banking system (and many more billions are due to be injected this year).
The system was first tested against any signal induced by loop switching, second against signal due to buffer injected as a sample.
This is given by (1) (∇ 2 + v μ a 0 (r ) D ) Φ (r ) = − v D δ (r ) where Φ(r) is the photon fluence at position r due to light injected into the medium, v is the electromagnetic propagation velocity in the medium, μ a 0 (r ) is the spatially varying absorption coefficient, and S r) = δ(r) represents a point source.
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