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Second, this analysis refutes prior studies that support a protective effect of in-hospital ongoing statin therapy probably due to indication bias.
Another important aspect is the failure to adequately adjust for the "bias due to indication", which is very likely in the insulin-treated patients.
We excluded patients who took drugs, including TZDs, that were prescribed during the 90 days preceding the index date to reduce the possibility of confounding due to indication.
Whether there is residual confounding due to indication for fluid use or unmeasured risk factors requires further investigation in controlled trials.
Hence the heightened risk of cardiovascular events observed in patients with iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome was not due to indication bias as might have been determined by the disease.
3 Although the pharmacology of statins theoretically supports a wide range of actions, many benefits seen in observational studies are possibly due to indication bias and evidence for them has been inconsistent.
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Investors were also nervous due to indications that China will report its weakest full-year growth figure in 25 years on Tuesday.
In an April 2009 letter that regulators sent to BP approving exploration in the area where the explosion later took place, they urged BP to "exercise caution while drilling due to indications of shallow gas and possible water flow".
Separately, Germany closed its embassy in Ankara and its general consulate in Istanbul due to indications that an attack could be imminent.
This may be due to indication-specific reasons, the very small sample size for Model A in cholecystectomy patients, or to the uneven distribution of men and women in the two samples (i.e. hernia patients were mainly male while gall patients were mainly female).
From our initial 113 independent sense expression N. attenuata lines we omitted 43% after three generations due to indications of gene silencing.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com