We have chosen to analyze ΦX174 due to the extant experimental evolution literature and methodology with this organism as well as its status as the first genome sequenced by the dideoxy method of Sanger et al. (1977 , 1978.
It is possible that these long branches are at least partially due to unsampled extant basally diverging lineages in Aenictus and Aenictogiton, although this explanation remains unlikely for Dorylus and New World army ants because they have been the focus of more comprehensive taxonomic and phylogenetic attention [ 12, 46].
In this section, we compare our findings to extant literature.
However, robust estimation of temporal dynamics from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data remains challenging due to limitations in extant multivariate methods for modeling time-varying functional interactions between multiple brain areas.
Due to the few extant gate remnants, it has not been established whether there may have been more than one gate.
However, pollen is difficult to assign to extant families due to the frequent convergent evolution of pollen morphology, such as the number and position of apertures [ 20, 29].
However, due to the unavailability of extant research in this new field of study, we are using this mini Case Study to explore the validity of the Chatterjee Model.
Moreover, the research is also limited by the judgmental sampling of one case study due to the unavailability of extant research in this new field of CSR, so, more case studies need to be done, empirical studies conducted to validate this research.
Still other species are severely threatened, such as Pediomelum pentaphyllum and P. humile, due to the elimination of extant populations through urban development, leaving only one or two known populations alive.
In the N2 populations, one cross per population was carried out each generation (except at generation 6, when 2 3 crosses per population were carried out due to low number of extant populations).
